Epidemiological characteristics and antiseptic resistance gene detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in children in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical distribution characteristics, drug resistance trends and the carrying of antiseptic resistance gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children in Suzhou, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children. Methods The clinical distribution characteristics and drug resistance trends of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from Children's Hospital of Soochow University from 2016 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Forthermore, 101 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were randomly selected to detect the expression of 9 antiseptic resistance genes (qacEΔ1-sul1, qacE, qacEΔ1, qacG, sugE(p), sugE©, emrE, ydgE, ydgF) by polymerase chain reaction. Results Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Soochow University Children's Hospital was mainly isolated from respiratory specimen (47.83%), pus (28.60%) and urine (11.72%); the main departments were intensive care unit(21.45%), general surgery department (15.71%) and respiratory department (12.31%). Patients were mainly aged from 1 month to 1 year old and older than 6 years old (34.31% and 25.38%). The top three drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were imipenem (11.25%), aztreonam (9.26%) and meropenem (8.02%). Among the 853 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the drug-resistant strains were mainly from the intensive care unit (58/183), hematology department (33/91), neonatology department (31/96), and there were 57 strains of multi-drug-resistant strains with the detection rate of 6.68%. There were 98 strains (11.49%) of Carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the annual detection rates were 22.06%, 8.40%, 3.60%, 5.67%, 9.85% and 17.20%, respectively. Among the 9 antiseptic resistance genes, the carrying rate of ydgF, sugE© and qacE was 98.02%, 94.06% and 0 respectively. Conclusion Pseudomonas aeruginosa has high resistance to some drugs, so attention should be paid to rational drug use. The carriage rates of of two antiseptic resistance genes exceeded 90%, indicating the need to strengthen research on the mechanism of antiseptic resistance research and rational use of disinfectants

Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis. Iodo povidona / Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Povidone Iodine

Introducción: La descontaminación preoperatoria de la piel es parte de la práctica quirúrgica estándar. La infección del sitio quirúrgico implica un gasto adicional a los sistemas de salud y un incremento en la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía. El iodo povidona es un desinfectante muy utilizado para eliminar la carga bacteriana cutánea. Objetivo: Constatar si el iodo povidona es mejor que otros desinfectantes cutáneos en la reducción de las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico, PubMed y Embase utilizando los términos Mesh; iodo povidona, infección del sitio quirúrgico, cirugía, antisépticos locales, unidos por el operador booleano AND y los filtros Adultos, desde 2015, y ensayos clínicos controlados. Se aplicó la escala de Jadad para riesgo de sesgos y el Consort 2010 y la lista de chequeo PRISMA para determinar la calidad del estudio. El riesgo relativo fue la medida de efecto para un IC95 y un error de 0,05. Se incluyeron 8 ensayos clínicos controlados, n= 4800 casos, con la distribución de eventos en los grupos experimental 140/2402 y control 141/2398, para una diferencia no significativa p=0,444. La heterogeneidad fue I2=62,57 por ciento. Conclusiones: No existieron diferencias entre el iodo povidona y el resto de los desinfectantes para disminuir el porcentaje de infecciones del sitio quirúrgico en este estudio(AU)

Introduction: Preoperative skin decontamination is part of standard surgical practice. Surgical site infection implies an additional cost to health systems and an increase in morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing surgery. Povidone iodine is a widely used disinfectant to eliminate the bacterial load on the skin. Objective: To verify if povidone iodine is better than other skin disinfectants in reducing surgical site infections. Methods: A search of articles and controlled clinical trials published since 2015 was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed and Embase and using terms of the Mesh such as povidone iodine, surgical site infection, surgery, local antiseptics, joined by the Boolean operator AND in addition to Adult filters. The Jadad scale for risk of bias and Consort 2010 and PRISMA checklist were applied to determine the quality of the study. Relative risk was the measure of effect for CI95 and an error of 0.05. Eight controlled clinical trials were included, n= 4800 cases, with the distribution of events in the experimental groups 140/2402 and control 141/2398, for a non-significant difference p=0.444. Heterogeneity was I2=62.57 percent. Conclusions: There were no differences between povidone iodine and the rest of the disinfectants to reduce the percentage of surgical site infections in this study(AU)

Correlation of Susceptibility to Antiseptics With Biofilm-forming Properties in Acinetobacter baumannii as a Pathogen of Surgical Infection

@#The purpose of this research was to study the biofilm-forming properties of clinical strains of A.baumannii, isolated from burn wounds in patients of ICU, and their sensitivity to antiseptics. Methods: 220 clinical strains of A. baumannii isolated from intensive care unit infected burn patients were the object of the study. Antiseptic sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp. (decamethoxine, chlorhexidine, miramistin, povidone iodine) was investigated using double serial dilutions according to the standard procedure. The study of biofilm-forming properties of clinical Acinetobacter isolates was performed using the spectrophotometric technique by G.D. Christensen. In order to determine the relationship between the antiseptic sensitivity and biofilm-forming properties of A. baumannii strains, we determined the correlation coefficient (r-Pearson), the absolute value of which characterised the binding force. Results: Among 435 burn persons, who were involved in the investigated group, representatives of Acinetobacter spp. were found in 220 (50.6%), that has revealed the etiological significance of the opportunistic pathogens of Acinetobacter isolates in the development of infectious complications of burns in intensive care units. Clinical strains of A. baumannii have shown variable susceptible to decamethoxine, chlorhexidine, miramistin, povidone iodine and have been found to possess high biofilm-forming properties. The r-Pearson coefficient between sensitivity of A. baumannii to investigated antiseptics and biofilm-formation pointed out positive moderate and strong correlations. Conclusion: Biofilm-formation of Acinetobacter spp. is correlated with their susceptibility to chlorhexidine and povidone iodine strongly. However, as a more powerful antimicrobial activity of antiseptic against A. baumannii was as weaker correlation had been established.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Face Scrubber For Oily Skin In Gel Form

Cosmetics play a vital role for everyone to have a joyful and sanguine life. In present scenario herbal cosmeceuticals have more demand because they have no side effects. People having oily skin suffer from acne, whiteheads and blackheads quite often so scrubbing become more essential. In our present study we formulated 3 different formulations F1, F2, F3 in gel form for oily skin by using turmeric, aloe vera, cinnamon, potato starch, activated charcoal powder, honey, green tea, lemon juice, onion, walnut shell, coconut oil, beet root juice powder, sodium lauryl sulphate, water and evaluated by using various parameters such as physical appearance, viscosity, pH, Spreadability, irritability, washability, stability studies and got fruitful results with all the tests. The scrub F2 was found to show excellent effects on controlling oil secretion, and preventing formation of new pimples. The herbal formulation F2 was having characteristic odour, reddish brown in color having, light, non-irritant to the skin and quite elegant. The powder was smooth to touch and in gel form it spreads satisfactorily. Thus, the formulated scrub F2 can be utilized efficaciously without a side effect which exfoliates and makes glowing skin.

Evaluation Of Bactericidal Activity Of An Antiseptic Gelthrough The Dilution-Neutralization Method

Objective: To evaluate the bactericidal activity of an antiseptic gel for hygiene and disinfection of the hands by rubbing. Methods: The dilution-neutralization method was used according to Colombian Technical Standard NTC, 2009, 12, 16 in Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC), 5 strains, over 6 different types and with 6 replicas per time were exposed to the antiseptic gel, using Letheen Broth as a neutralizer substance. Results: A 99% of reduction was obtained with Staphylococcus aureus 6538, Enterococos hirae 10541, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442 and Klebsiella sp, within the first 30 s of exposure to the gel and within the first 60 s of exposure using the Escherichia coli 19538. All strains used coming from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Conclusion: It was confirmed that the product is effective. In presence of a neutralizer substance, the microorganisms were not inhibit, so the growing reduction occurs due to the action of the product.

Effect of Different Antisepsis Measures on Endogenous Metabolites in Rat Urine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:In the study of urine metabolomics of rats,necessary antiseptic measures should be taken for collection of urine samples,the effect of several antiseptic measures on the endogenous metabolites in urine was studied. Method:The urine samples of rats were collected on ice,sodium azide was added,and both of them were used together to prevent corrosion.Differences of antiseptic measures were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics. Result:The results of NMR metabolomics showed that sodium azide+ice group and ice group had many overlaps,but they clearly separated with the control group and sodium azide group;sodium azide group and the control group had a small part overlap,but there was a tendency of separation.The antiseptic effect of sodium azide+ice group and ice group was similar;compared with control group,valine,betaine and hippuricacid in these two groups increased,but the alanine and 2-ketoglutaric acid decreased. Conclusion:In the study of rat urine metabolomics,low temperature antiseptic measures must be taken when urine samples are collected,and the addition of sodium azide can improve the antiseptic effect slightly under protective conditions.

Toxicological effects of ciprofloxacin and chlorhexidine on growth and chlorophyll a synthesis of freshwater cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria are phytoplanktonic microorganisms that are susceptible to the deleterious effects of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment, which poses a challenge to the environment exposed to diverse pharmaceutical products and their potential effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antibiotic substances ciprofloxacin and chlorhexidine in pharmaceutical preparations on the growth and production of chlorophyll of two cyanobacterial strains, Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis panniformis, isolated from a lake in a Brazilian environmental protection area. The EC50 and EC10 of chlorhexidine for M. aeruginosa were 206.4 µg/L and 108.5 µg/L, respectively, and for M. panniformis were 171.4 µg/L and 116.6 µg/L, respectively. The EC50 and EC10 of ciprofloxacin for M. aeruginosa were 17.24 µg/L and 3.21 µg/L, respectively, and for M. panniformis were 13.56 µg/L and 1.50 µg/L, respectively. The toxicity of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin (drug) and chlorhexidine (standard solution) to the Microcystis species was demonstrated, and these species were both very sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Our results suggest that the strains of M. aeruginosa and M. panniformis may be affected by exposure to residues of ciprofloxacin (>1.5 µg/L), which may represent a risk to the survival of aquatic species.

Therapeutic response and safety of the topical, sequential use of antiseptic, keratolytic, and pentamidine creams (3-PACK) on Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis-infected mice

BACKGROUND Topical treatment of New World cutaneous leishmaniasis can be affected by bacterial coinfection, hyperkeratosis, and transdermal drug delivery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic response and safety of the topical, sequential use of antiseptic, keratolytic, and pentamidine isethionate (PMD) creams (3-PACK kit) on CL-infected BALB/c mice. METHODS A 0.5% chlorhexidine solution (CGH), 10% salicylic acid (SA), and 3% or 6% PMD were used as antiseptic, keratolytic, and antileishmanial drugs, respectively. During the first seven days, antiseptic, followed by 10% SA gel and PMD cream, were applied topically. Subsequently, treatment was performed only with the antiseptic and PMD creams. Skin irritation, reduction of lesion size (mm2), and parasitic load were observed until 30 days of treatment were completed. FINDINGS The 3-PACK treatment using 6% PMD induced a complete lesion reduction in 3/6 mice and a partial reduction in 1/6 mice, with no parasites observed. In contrast, CGH and SA alone, along with the vehicle, were not effective (p < 0.05). Moderate to severe erythema was observed at the application site. MAIN CONCLUSION The topical 3-PACK using 6% PMD was 67% effective in the treatment of CL by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Currently, work is ongoing to improve PMD isethionate formulation and to determine a dose-response.

Evaluación de un gel antiséptico de aplicación intravaginal para pacientes con infecciones cervicovaginales multitratadas / Evaluation of an antiseptic gel of intravaginal application for multitreated patients for infectious cervicovaginitis

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad de un gel intravaginal antiséptico, elaborado con agua electrolizada, en el tratamiento de infecciones cervicovaginales bacterianas, fúngicas, parasitarias o mixtas, y en el control de los síntomas típicos en pacientes multitratadas. MATERIALES y MÉTODOS: Estudio clínico, comparativo con el tratamiento convencional, de dos brazos, multicéntrico, al azar, con escalamiento de dosis efectuado en pacientes atendidas entre mayo de 2017 y mayo de 2018 en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital General de Ecatepec Las Américas, en el Estado de México y en el Centro Hospitalario Unión, de Colima. Grupo control: esquema convencional, antibiótico-antifúngico (7 días); grupos experimentales, gel antiséptico durante 3, 5 o 10 días. Seguimiento del pH vaginal, agente etiológico y síntomas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 62 pacientes, con límites de edad de 18 y 42 años, con vaginitis bacteriana en 25 de 62, candidiasis 10 de 62, tricomoniasis 6 de 62 o infección mixta en 21 de 62, multitratadas. La aplicación del gel durante 5 o 10 días erradicó el agente etiológico en 14 de 15 y en 18 de 20 pacientes; con el tratamiento control lo lograron 8 de 14 pacientes (p = 0.021 y 0.030, respectivamente). El gel antiséptico aplicado durante 5 o 10 días fue casi 3 veces más eficaz que el tratamiento control para erradicar el agente infeccioso, eliminar los síntomas y normalizar el pH vaginal. CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento durante 5 o 10 días con el gel antiséptico intravaginal fue casi 3 veces más efectivo que el convencional (antibiótico-antimicótico) en pacientes con cervicovaginitis infecciosa multitratada, útil en la eliminación de los síntomas típicos y bien tolerado.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intravaginal antiseptic gel, made of electrolyzed water, against bacterial, yeast, parasitic and mixed cervical infections, and to control typical symptoms in multi-treated patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical study, comparative with conventional treatment, two arms, multicentric, randomized, with dose escalation carried out in patients attended between May 2017 and May 2018 in the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Hospital General de Ecatepec La Américas, in the Estado de Mexico and the Centro Hospitalario Unión, of Colima. Control group: conventional scheme, antibiotic-antifungal (7 days); Experimental groups, antiseptic gel for 3, 5 or 10 days. Monitoring of vaginal pH, etiologic agent and symptoms. RESULTS: 62 multi-treated patients (18-42 years old) were enrolled, presenting bacterial vaginosis 25/62, yeast infection 10/62, trichomoniasis 6/62 or mixed infection 21/62; bacteria and yeast). Treatment with antiseptic gel during 5 or 10 days eradicated etiological agent, respectively in 14/15 patients and 18/20 patients; control treatment did it in 8/14 patients (p = 0.021, p = 0.026, respectively). Additionally, gel treatment for 5 or 10 days was 3 times more effective than control treatment to eradicate the infection, control symptoms and to normalize vaginal pH. CONCLUSIONS: Intravaginal antiseptic gel (5-10 days) was almost 3 times more effective than conventional therapy (antibiotics/antimycotics) against multi-treated cervical infections; as well as useful to control typical symptoms and well tolerated.

Efeitos do banho prévio, da tricotomia e da antissepsia na redução da contaminação do sítio cirúrgico em cadelas submetidas à OSH eletiva / Effects of the previous bath, trichotomy and antisepsis in reducing contamination of the surgical site in bitches undergoing elective OSH

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a influencia do banho 24 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico e da tricotomia pré-operatória na redução da contagem microbiana da pele do campo operatório, bem como a eficiência antisséptica do gluconato de clorexidina 0,5% e da polivinilpirrolidona iodada 10% para antissepsia do sítio cirúrgico, verificando sua ação 4 minutos e 2 horas após aplicação. Utilizaram-se 20 cadelas hígidas, alocadas ao acaso em 2 grupos de 10 animais: os animais do Grupo I foram submetidos ao banho 24 horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico, enquanto os do Grupo II não passaram por este procedimento. Foram isolados diversos gêneros bacterianos antes e após o uso dos antissépticos. Significância estatística foi verificada entre os grupos quanto ao efeito do banho prévio à cirurgia, apenas 2 horas após a aplicação de clorexidina. A tricotomia reduziu 26,48% da carga microbiana nos animais do Grupo I e elevou a carga microbiana em 41,19% nos animais do Grupo II, revelando diferença estatística. Após o uso dos antissépticos, não foi observada diferença estatística entre os grupos em nenhum momento. Do mesmo modo, a comparação da eficiência dos antissépticos com ou sem banho, não revelou significância estatística. A polivinilpirrolidona iodada causou reação alérgica em 15% dos animais e não foi observada irritação cutânea causada pela clorexidina. Conclui-se que o banho prévio tem efeito na redução da carga bacteriana apenas após 2 horas de antissepsia com clorexidina; a tricotomia é mais eficaz na redução microbiana quando o animal é submetido ao banho e os dois antissépticos são igualmente eficazes na antissepsia cirúrgica por até 2 horas quer o animal tome banho ou não previamente à cirurgia.(AU)

The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of bath 24 hours before surgery and preoperative shaving in reducing microbial count of the operating field skin and antiseptic efficiency of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate and 10% iodine polyvinylpyrrolidone for antisepsis of the surgical site, by checking its action 4 minutes and 2 hours after application. We used 20 healthy bitches, randomly allocated into 2 groups of 10 animals: Group I underwent bath 24 hours before surgery, whereas Group II did not undergo this procedure. Many bacterial genera have been isolated before and after use of antiseptics. Statistical significance was observed between the groups regarding the effect of bath prior to surgery, just two hours after application of chlorhexidine. Shaving reduced 26.48% of the microbial load in Group I and increased the microbial load in 41.19% in Group II, showing statistical difference. After the use of antiseptics, there was no statistical difference between the groups at any time. Similarly, comparison of the efficiency of the bath with or without antiseptic showed no statistical significance. The iodine polyvinylpyrrolidone caused allergic reaction in 15% of animals and was not observed skin irritation caused by chlorhexidine. We conclude that the prior bath is effective in reducing bacterial load just after 2 hours of antisepsis with chlorhexidine; shaving is more effective in reducing microbial when the animal is subjected to the bath and the two antiseptic agents are equally effective in surgical antisepsis or for up to 2 hours the animal did not take a bath or prior to surgery.(AU)

Dynamic study on the use of antiseptic drugs at tertiary public hospitals: basis on clinical application monitoring network for antiseptic drugs / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective@#To dynamically study the use of antiseptic drugs at tertiary public hospitals in the localities for general information.@*Methods@#In this paper, the panel data were analyzed using dynamic monitoring data from the " monitoring network for clinical application of antiseptic drugs" . Such means as descriptive statistical analysis, single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to learn the use and monitoring of such drugs.@*Results@#We found that the use of such drugs at tertiary hospitals has improved significantly nationwide in recent years, yet with some gaps up to the standard. Given such progress, the economic and social burden caused by the unreasonable use of antiseptic drugs calls for more attention.@*Conclusions@#It is imperative to strengthen the supervision of such drugs and promote their rational use so as to reduce the social and economic burden.

Problems and countermeasures on the management and application of antiseptic drugs in Chinese hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Antiseptic drugs are the most popular anti-infectious drugs in daily use in hospitals, making significant contribution to public health. In view of the increasingly serious problems in the use and management of antiseptic drugs, the Chinese government has taken a series of measures to guide their rational use. However, due to the imperfect regulatory mechanism and weak sense of rational drug use, the problem of irrational use of antiseptic drugs is still existing. By studying the current situation and existing problems of antiseptic drugs in the country, this paper discussed the effective management means of such drugs, and provided feasible strategies and suggestions for standardizing their rational use.

Atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides Cham. (Alecrim-pimenta) na presença de leite bovino / Antiseptic activity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides in the presence of bovine milk

Objetivou-se determinar atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides na presença de leite bovino. A composição química do óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM), sendo detectados 53 compostos, dos quais 16 foram identificados (>0,1% área total). O carvacrol (32,7%), p-cimeno (23%), timilmetil éter, cariofileno (7,98%) e o γ-terpineno (5,40%) foram os componentes mais abundantes. A concentração inibitória mínima para Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e E. coli ATCC 8739 foi de 60µL/mL, enquanto para Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 35640 foi de 90µL/mL. A concentração bactericida mínima foi de 120µL/mL para as três bactérias. Avaliou-se a atividade antisséptica do óleo essencial na concentração de 120µL/mL na presença de leite bovino sobre as mesmas cepas bacterianas. O óleo em estudo apresentou efeito inibitório do crescimento das cepas em diferentes tempos de ação (p<0,05). S. aureus apresentou maiores índices de inibição após 5 min de contato e Escherichia coli e Salmonella Choleraesuis após 15 min. O óleo essencial de alecrim-pimenta revelou ser um potencial antimicrobiano natural, mesmo na presença de matéria orgânica constituída de uma matriz nutricional complexa que é o leite bovino.(AU)

This study aimed to determine the antiseptic activity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides in the presence of bovine milk. The essential oil chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (CG EM) 53 compounds were detected, of which 16 were identified (>0.1% total area). The carvacrol (32.7%), p-cymene (23%), thymil methyl ether (10.03%), caryophyllene (7.98 %) and γ-terpinene (5.40%) were the most abundant components. The minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 was 60uL/mL, as for this Salmonella Choleraesuis ATCC 35640 was 90uL/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 120µL/mL for all three bacteria. We evaluated the antiseptic activity of the essential oil in the concentration of 120µL/mL in the presence of bovine milk for the same bacterial strains. The oil under study It showed an inhibitory effect of growth of the strains in different action times (p <0.05). S. aureus showed higher inhibition rates after 5 min of contact and E. coli and Salmonella Choleraesuis after 15 min. The essential oil Lippia origanoides proved to be a natural antimicrobial potential even in the presence of organic matter consists of a complex nutritional matrix is bovine milk.(AU)

Eficácia de um agente cimentante e antisséptico no controle bacteriano nas conexões dos implantes / Efficacy of a cementing and antiseptic agent in preventing contamination and bacterial flow at the dental implant connection

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um antisséptico de longa duração no controle microbiano dos espaços entre o implante e o parafuso de cobertura (PC), pela contagem das unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) no ato da reabertura. Material e métodos: foram selecionados 70 sítios em 17 pacientes, para instalação de implantes dentais, e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. No grupo experimental (n=35), o antisséptico foi aplicado na rosca do PC, imediatamente antes de sua instalação. No grupo-controle, a instalação do PC foi feita sem o antisséptico. A reabertura foi realizada após seis meses e os PCs foram removidos e armazenados em frascos assépticos contendo solução salina. Cada amostra foi centrifugada, diluída seriadamente até 10-10, semeada e encubada em microaerofi lia para a cultura de UFCs. Após a contagem, as análises estatísticas comparativas foram feitas pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05). Resultados: o grupo-controle apresentou média de 7,18 x 107 UFC/ml, enquanto no experimental a média foi de 2,12 x 105 UFC/ml. O crescimento bacteriano foi significativamente menor no grupo experimental (p=0,0003). Conclusão: o antisséptico reduziu signifi cativamente o crescimento bacteriano entre implante e parafuso de cobertura, tendo sido eficaz no controle microbiano destes espaços.

Objective: to evaluate the effi cacy of a long-term antiseptic in bacterial control of the spaces between the implant and the cover screw (PC), by counting colony-forming units (UFC) at the time of the re-entry surgery. Material and methods: seventy sites for implant placement were selected in 17 patients referred for dental implants, and divided randomly into two groups. In the experimental group (n=35), the antiseptic was applied on the thread of the PC immediately before installation. In the control group, the PC was installed with no antiseptic. The re-entry was performed after six months, the PCs removed and stored in asseptic recipients containing saline solution. Each sample was centrifuged, diluted serially up to 10-10, seeded and incubated in microaerophilic conditions for CFU culture. After counting, statistical comparative analyzes were performed by Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results: the control group had a mean of 7.18 x 107 CFU/mL, while the experimental average was 2.12 x 105 CFU/mL. Bacterial growth was significantly lower in the experimental group (p=0.0003). Conclusion: the antiseptic reduced, significantly, the bacterial contamination in the spaces between the implant and the cover screw, being effective in the microbial control of those spaces.

Avaliação da atividade antisséptica de sabonete líquido contendo extrato glicólico de flores de Tagetes patula L / Sessment of antiseptic activit y of liquid soap with glycolic extract of Tagetes patula l. flowers

Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae), popularmente conhecida como cravo de defunto ou cravo francês, é utilizada na medicina popular como antisséptica, depurativa do sangue e repelente de insetos. O presente estudo avaliou a atividade antisséptica de sabonete líquido contendo extrato glicólico de T. patula 7,5% (p/v). O extrato glicólico foi obtido por turbo-extração utilizando propilenoglicol e etanol (7:3; v/v) a 10 % (p/v). A avaliação fitoquímica preliminar da droga vegetal indicou a presença de compostos fenólicos e teor de flavonoides de 5,73% ± 0,19 (CV = 3,33%). No teste para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana houve a inibição do crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus na concentração de avaliada.

Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae), or French marigold, known in Brazil as cravo-de-defunto, is used in folk medicine as antiseptic, blood thinner and insect repellent. Current study analyzes the antiseptic activity of the liquid soap with the glycolic extract of T.patula 7.5% (p/v). Glycolic extract was obtained by turbo-extraction with propylenoglycol and ethanol (7:3; v/v) 10 % (p/v). Preliminary photochemical evaluation of the vegetal drug showed phenolic compounds and flavonoid rates at 5.73% ± 0.19 (CV = 3.33%). When the pharmaceutical formulation was evaluated for antimicrobial activity, growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus occurred at the assessed concentration.

Utilización de sulfato de cobre para la elaboración de un jabón líquido antiséptico / Use of cooper sulphate for production of antiseptic liquid soap

INTRODUCCIÓN: las manos poseen un papel importante en la transmisión de infecciones en instituciones de salud, entornos industriales como la industria alimentaria y en toda la comunidad, por lo que su higiene no puede pasar desapercibida. Los jabones líquidos son actualmente una herramienta fundamental para la limpieza de las manos y así también evitar la transmisión de agentes patógenos. OBJETIVO: evaluar la efectividad del sulfato de cobre como agente antiséptico en un jabón líquido y caracterizar el producto mediante controles de calidad. MÉTODOS: se evaluó la capacidad antiséptica del jabón líquido mediante el método de dilución en agar y la disminución del crecimiento bacteriano a través de una variación del recuento por microgota, a tiempos 1, 5 y 10 min. Posteriormente se realizaron controles fisicoquímicos, microbiológicos, prueba de parche y estudios de estabilidad en estantería y acelerada durante 6 meses. RESULTADOS: las cepas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosay Klebsiella pneumoniae fueron sensibles a una concentración de 0,5 por ciento de sulfato de cobre. El crecimiento bacteriano en las cepas S. aureus y S. epidermidis mostró una reducción considerable en los tiempos 5 y 10 min a concentraciones de 0,3 y 0,5 por ciento de sulfato de cobre. El producto elaborado cumplió con los criterios de calidad establecidos, el cual mantuvo su estabilidad durante el tiempo de estudio. CONCLUSIONES: es posible elaborar un jabón líquido en base a sulfato de cobre como agente antiséptico, al ser eficaz frente a las cepas estudiadas(AU)

INTRODUCTION: the hands play a significant role in the transmission of infections at health institutions, industrial environments such as the food industry and at the community; therefore, hand hygiene cannot be ignored. Liquid soaps are now a fundamental tool for hand cleaning and prevention of pathogen transmission. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effectiveness of copper sulfate as an antiseptic agent in a liquid soap and to characterize the product by using quality controls. METHODS: aliquid soap was developed, in which its antiseptic capacity was evaluated through the agar dilution method and the reduction of bacterial growth by using a variant of microdrop counting at 1, 5 and 10 minutes. Then physicochemical and microbiological controls were performed, as well as patch test and shelf life and accelerated stability studies for six months. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible to 0.5 percent copper sulfate concentration. Bacterial growth showed considerable reduction in S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains at 5 and 10 minutes at copper sulphate concentrations of 0.3 and 0.5 percent. The finished product met the quality criteria for this type of product, maintaining its stability during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: it is possible to produce a copper sulfate-based liquid soap as an antiseptic since it was effective to control the studied strains(AU)

Tamizaje fitoquímico de los extractos de Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (nabaco) / Phytochemical screening of e xtracts from F aramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (nabaco)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. (Rubiaceae) se utiliza de forma tradicional como astringente, galactógeno y como antiséptico en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la piel, principalmente erupciones cutáneas, por lo que es frecuentemente empleada para baños en los recién nacidos con estas afecciones. Hasta el momento no existen reportes de estudios fitoquímicos sobre los metabolitos secundarios de interés biológico y terapéutico presentes en los extractos de esta planta. OBJETIVO: determinar los metabolitos secundarios de interés biológico y terapéutico presentes en la especie F. occidentalis. MÉTODOS: la planta fue colectada en la localidad de Cienaguilla, municipio Campechuela, provincia Granma, Cuba, e identificada por especialistas del Jardín Botánico Cupaynicú en el municipio Guisa. Fracciones de los órganos aéreos y subterráneos de la planta se lavaron, desinfectaron, secaron, pulverizaron y se sometieron a extracciones asistidas por ultrasonido con solventes de polaridad creciente. A los extractos se les realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, cuyos resultados fueron corroborados por análisis cromatográfico mediante cromatografía de capa fina y espectroscopía ultravioleta-visible. RESULTADOS: el tamizaje fitoquímico, realizado a los extractos de raíces, tallos y hojas de la planta y la cromatografía de capa fina aplicada a la tintura de las hojas, permitió constatar la presencia de varias familias de metabolitos secundarios de interés biológico y farmacológico, principalmente, alcaloides y coumarinas, siendo más abundantes en los extractos acuoso y etanólico. CONCLUSIONES: la presencia de abundantes alcaloides y coumarinas en F. occidentalis pudiera ser responsable de su actividad antiséptica.

INTRODUCTION: Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich.(Rubiaceae) is a plant traditionally used as astringent, galactogen and antiseptic in the treatment of skin disorders, mainly rash. Therefore, it is commonly used to bathe newborns suffering from these conditions. No reports are available of phytochemical studies about the secondary metabolites of biological and therapeutic interest contained in extracts from this plant. OBJECTIVE: determine the secondary metabolites of biological and therapeutic interest present in the species F. occidentalis. METHODS: plant samples were collected from the locality of Cienaguilla, municipality of Campechuela, in the province of Granma, Cuba, and identified by specialists from Cupaynicú Botanical Garden in the municipality of Guisa. Fractions of aerial and underground plant parts were washed, disinfected, dried and pulverized, and then subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction with increasing polarity solvents. The extracts underwent phytochemical screening, and results were corroborated by thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. RESULTS: phytochemical screening of root, stem and leaf extracts, and thin layer chromatography of the leaf tincture allowed confirmation of the presence of several families of secondary metabolites of biological and pharmacological interest, mainly alkaloids and coumarins, which were more abundant in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. CONCLUSIONS: the presence of abundant alkaloids and coumarins in F. occidentalis could be the cause of its antiseptic activity.

Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Brushless Surgical Hand Preparation Techniques Using Antiseptic Soap, Alcohol and Non-medicated Soap.

Background & Objectives: Preoperative hand preparation with a brush-less method is almost a common practice. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of brushless preoperative hand preparation using alcohol to antiseptic soap, and non-medicated soap in eliminating germs by standard proper pre-operative hand preparation. Methods: Twenty volunteers tried three different ways of surgical hand preparation with antiseptic soap, alcohol, and non-medicated soap-based preoperative hand preparation. Results: There was no positive bacterial growth sample in the alcohol-based scrubbing group while it was 2% with positive bacterial growth in the antimicrobial soap and 55% with positive bacterial growth in the non-medicated soap group. Conclusion: The alcohol-based pre-operative hand preparation was significantly more efficient than both the antimicrobial soap and the non-medicated soap.

The pH of antiseptic cleansers

BACKGROUND: Daily bathing with antiseptic cleansers are proposed by some physicians as an adjunctive management of atopic dermatitis (AD). As atopic skin is sensitive, selection of cleansing products becomes a topic of concern. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to evaluate the pH of various antiseptic body cleansers to give an overview for recommendation to patients with AD. METHODS: Commonly bar and liquid cleansers consisted of antiseptic agents were measured for pH using pH meter and pH-indicator strips. For comparison, mild cleansers and general body cleansers were also measured. RESULTS: All cleansing bars had pH 9.8-11.3 except syndet bar that had neutral pH. For liquid cleansers, three cleansing agents had pH close to pH of normal skin, one of antiseptic cleansers, one of mild cleansers and another one of general cleansers. The rest of antiseptic cleansers had pH 8.9-9.6 while mild cleansers had pH 6.9-7.5. Syndet liquid had pH 7 and general liquid cleansers had pH 9.6. CONCLUSION: The pH of cleanser depends on composition of that cleanser. Adding antiseptic agents are not the only factor determining variation of pH. Moreover, benefit of antiseptic properties should be considered especially in cases of infected skin lesions in the selection of proper cleansers for patients with AD.

Difference in hand hygiene idea of varied educational systems / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To analyze the present medical teaching textbooks and practice skill guidelines,and explore the profound causes of poor hand hygiene idea among doctors.Methods Three sets of unified textbook series used for domestic medical colleges and universities and two sets of manipulation skill guidelines were studies.Statistical method was conducted to analyze whether concepts and methods of hand hygiene,hand-washing and antiseptic han-drubbing were included in these teaching textbooks;as to eight aseptic manipulation skills,coverage of knowledge, steps of hand-washing and antiseptic handrubbing in manipulation skill guidelines were also analyzed.Results The mentioning rate of hand hygiene,hand-washing and antiseptic handrubbing in 8-year and 5-year program teaching textbooks were both 0 ,in nursing teaching textbooks was 1 00 % ;as to 8 aseptic manipulation in 2 sets of skill practice guidelines,mentioning rate of hand washing was 37 .50 % ,and method and steps of antiseptic handrubbing were both 0 .Conclusion School teaching and skill assessment are the basis,it is difficult to form the right idea by only relying on continuing education without basic education.Hand hygiene should be stressed in the written of teaching textbooks,guidelines should be written following the newest progress,so as to form the correct idea of hand hygiene among doctors.